RESUMO: Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência e caracterizar a ocorrência de dor lombar gestacional (DLG), dor na cintura pélvica posterior (DCPP) e dor na sínfise púbica (DSP) entre gestantes residentes em Rio Grande, RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com todas as puérperas com parto em 2016. Foram utilizadas duas figuras para investigar a presença de DLG, DCPP e DSP de forma isolada ou combinada. Regressão logística multinomial foi usada para avaliar os fatores associados a cada sintoma. Resultados: DLG foi referida por 42,2% das entrevistadas, DSP por 4,9%, e DCPP por 2%, enquanto DLG + DSP por 9%, DLG + DCPP por 2,8%, DCPP + DSP por 1,1% e dor nas três regiões por 3,9% delas. Quanto maior era a idade da gestante, menor foi o risco de DLG e de DLG combinada a uma das regiões da cintura pélvica e maior o risco de DCPP + DSP. Depressão na gestação aumentou o risco de todas as combinações dos sintomas. Conclusão: Este estudo realizou uma descrição mais detalhada da ocorrência dos desfechos avaliados e de seus fatores associados. Estudos como este são raros no país, sobretudo com baixas taxas de perdas e recusas. A elevada prevalência dos sintomas avaliados sugere que sua investigação seja rotineira nas consultas de pré-natal, atendo-se a idade das gestantes, sintomas depressivos e a dores combinadas e intensas.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and characterize the occurrence of low back pain (LBP), posterior pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) and pubic symphysis pain (PSP) among pregnant women resident in Rio Grande, RS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of all postpartum women who gave birth in 2016. Two pictures were used to investigate the presence of LBP, PPGP and PSP, both isolated and combined. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with each symptom. Results: LBP was reported by 42.2%, PSP by 4.9%, and PPGP by 2%, while LBP + PSP was reported by 9%, LBP and PPGP by 2.8% and PPGP + PSP by 1.1%, and pain in all three regions was reported by 3.9% of the sample. The more advanced the age of the pregnant women, the risk for LBP and of LBP combined with one of the pelvic girdle regions was reduced, while the risk for PPGP + PSP was increased. Depression during pregnancy increased the risk for all symptom combinations. Conclusion: This study provided a detailed description of the occurrence of the evaluated outcomes and its associated factors. Studies like this are rare in Brazil, especially a census with low rates of losses and refusals. The high prevalence of the evaluated symptoms suggests that it should be investigated routinely in prenatal care, taking into account the age of the pregnant women, depressive symptoms and those experiencing combined or intense pain.

RESUMO: Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência e caracterizar a ocorrência de dor lombar gestacional (DLG), dor na cintura pélvica posterior (DCPP) e dor na sínfise púbica (DSP) entre gestantes residentes em Rio Grande, RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com todas as puérperas com parto em 2016. Foram utilizadas duas figuras para investigar a presença de DLG, DCPP e DSP de forma isolada ou combinada. Regressão logística multinomial foi usada para avaliar os fatores associados a cada sintoma. Resultados: DLG foi referida por 42,2% das entrevistadas, DSP por 4,9%, e DCPP por 2%, enquanto DLG + DSP por 9%, DLG + DCPP por 2,8%, DCPP + DSP por 1,1% e dor nas três regiões por 3,9% delas. Quanto maior era a idade da gestante, menor foi o risco de DLG e de DLG combinada a uma das regiões da cintura pélvica e maior o risco de DCPP + DSP. Depressão na gestação aumentou o risco de todas as combinações dos sintomas. Conclusão: Este estudo realizou uma descrição mais detalhada da ocorrência dos desfechos avaliados e de seus fatores associados. Estudos como este são raros no país, sobretudo com baixas taxas de perdas e recusas. A elevada prevalência dos sintomas avaliados sugere que sua investigação seja rotineira nas consultas de pré-natal, atendo-se a idade das gestantes, sintomas depressivos e a dores combinadas e intensas.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and characterize the occurrence of low back pain (LBP), posterior pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) and pubic symphysis pain (PSP) among pregnant women resident in Rio Grande, RS. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of all postpartum women who gave birth in 2016. Two pictures were used to investigate the presence of LBP, PPGP and PSP, both isolated and combined. Multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with each symptom. Results: LBP was reported by 42.2%, PSP by 4.9%, and PPGP by 2%, while LBP + PSP was reported by 9%, LBP and PPGP by 2.8% and PPGP + PSP by 1.1%, and pain in all three regions was reported by 3.9% of the sample. The more advanced the age of the pregnant women, the risk for LBP and of LBP combined with one of the pelvic girdle regions was reduced, while the risk for PPGP + PSP was increased. Depression during pregnancy increased the risk for all symptom combinations. Conclusion: This study provided a detailed description of the occurrence of the evaluated outcomes and its associated factors. Studies like this are rare in Brazil, especially a census with low rates of losses and refusals. The high prevalence of the evaluated symptoms suggests that it should be investigated routinely in prenatal care, taking into account the age of the pregnant women, depressive symptoms and those experiencing combined or intense pain.

Resumo Introdução Células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) têm emergido como um promissor tratamento em diversas doenças neurodegenerativas devido a sua plasticidade e capacidade de regenerar tecidos. Estudos pré-clínicos, clínicos e de neuroimagem têm demonstrado a presença de atrofia hipocampal no transtorno bipolar (TB). Portanto, o desenvolvimento de tratamentos capazes de regenerar tecido lesado e estimular a neurogênese poderia ser útil. Objetivos Investigar mudanças comportamentais e neuroquímicas induzidas pelo transplante de CTMs no hipocampo de ratos em um modelo animal de mania induzido por dimesilato de lisdexanfetamina (LDX). Métodos Ratos Wistar (n=65) receberam LDX (10 mg/kg) ou solução salina por via oral durante 14 dias. No oitavo dia, os animais foram transplantados com injeção de CTMs ou solução salina (1 µL contendo 25.000 células) ou lítio (47,5 mg/kg) como controle interno do experimento. Duas horas após a última dose, foram realizadas análises comportamentais e neuroquímicas. Resultados Animais que receberam LDX tiveram um aumento da atividade locomotora comparados ao grupo que recebeu solução salina (p=0,004); já o lítio reverteu a hiperatividade locomotora desses animais (p<0,001). Os animais que receberam CTMs não apresentaram alterações no comportamento, indicando ausência de efeitos sobre hiperatividade locomotora. Os níveis de BDNF hipocampais não diferiram entre os grupos (p>0.05). Conclusão Não foi possível demonstrar efeitos neuroprotetores das CTMs, administradas em dose única, em um modelo animal de mania induzido por LDX. No entanto, não se pode descartar os possíveis efeitos terapêuticos das CTMs. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar os efeitos das CTMs em estruturas cerebrais e outros alvos fisiopatológicos relacionados ao TB.

Abstract Introduction The rationale of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a novel therapeutic approach in certain neurodegenerative diseases is based on their ability to promote neurogenesis. Hippocampal atrophy has been related to bipolar disorder (BD) in preclinical, imaging and postmortem studies. Therefore, the development of new strategies to stimulate the neurogenesis process in BD is crucial. Objectives To investigate the behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by transplantation of MSCs in a model of mania-like behavior induced by lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX). Methods Wistar rats (n=65) received one oral daily dose of LDX (10 mg/kg) or saline for 14 days. On the 8th day of treatment, the animals additionally received intrahippocampal saline or MSC (1 µL containing 25,000 cells) or lithium (47.5 mg/kg) as an internal experimental control. Two hours after the last administration, behavioral and neurochemical analyses were performed. Results LDX-treated rats had increased locomotor activity compared to saline-saline rats (p=0.004), and lithium reversed LDX-related hyperactive behavior (p<0.001). In contrast, the administration of MSCs did not change hyperlocomotion, indicating no effects of this treatment on LDX-treated rats (p=0.979). We did not find differences between groups in BDNF levels (p>0.05) in the hippocampus of rats. Conclusion Even though these results suggest that a single intrahippocampal injection of MSCs was not helpful to treat hyperactivity induced by LDX and neither influenced BDNF secretion, we cannot rule out the possible therapeutic effects of MSCs. Further research is required to determine direct effects of LDX on brain structures as well as in other pathophysiological targets related to BD.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among adults and measures to reverse this situation go through changes in lifestyle, among them adopt healthy eating through professional counseling. To do this we need to keep the patient engaged in treatment, and the abandonment of treatment is an important risk factor in this population. Objectives: To assess abandonment to dietary treatment of patients with cardiovascular risk treated on an outpatient basis, and identify the reasons for the abandonment of treatment. Methods: Participants were patients between 18 and 70 years, of both sexes, who held their first nutritional consultation and had two or more cardiovascular risk factors. A telephone contact was made by applying a questionnaire on the withdrawal of reasons for treatment and encouraging them to return to the health service by checking the return after three months of telephone contact. Results: Of the 142 patients with cardiovascular risk, 61.26% did not return to the service after the first visit, a percentage similar to that found in other studies, and contacted by telephone 64.37% of them. Regarding the main reasons for the withdrawal, difficulty following the diet and individual/behavioral characteristics of the patient were the aspects that contributed to the abandonment (57.14%), corroborating the findings that show the influence of cultural and socioeconomic factors on the therapeutic adherence. Although 92.86% of patients have been satisfied with the service and 75% have reported interest in resuming treatment, only 5.36% patients returned to service after the phone contact. Conclusion: There was a high drop-out from nutritional treatment, mainly because of the difficulty of organization required to follow the diet. The motivational intervention was not enough to motivate a return to treatment.

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la causa principal de muerte entre los adultos y las medidas para revertir esta situación se aplican a través de cambios en el estilo de vida, entre ellos, adoptar una alimentación saludable a través de orientación profesional. Para hacer esto, necesitamos mantener al paciente comprometido con el tratamiento, ya que el abandono de dicho tratamiento es un factor de riesgo importante en esta población. Objetivos: evaluar el abandono al tratamiento con dieta de pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular tratados de manera ambulatoria e identificar las razones del abandono del tratamiento. Métodos: los participantes eran pacientes entre 18 y 70 años de edad, de ambos sexos, que recibieron su primera consulta nutricional y poseían dos o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Un contacto telefónico se realizó aplicando un cuestionario al abandono sobre las razones para el tratamiento, y aconsejándolos que regresaran al servicio de salud comprobando si efectivamente regresaban a los tres meses del contacto telefónico. Resultados: de los 142 pacientes con riesgo cardiovascular, 61,26% no regresó al servicio posterior a la primera visita, un porcentaje similar al encontrado en otros estudios, y fueron contactados por teléfono 64,37% de ellos. En relación a la razón principal para el retiro o abandono, dificultades siguiendo la dieta y características individuales/de comportamiento del paciente fueron los aspectos que contribuyeron al abandono (57,14%), corroborando los hallazgos que muestran la influencia de factores culturales y socioeconómicos en la adherencia al tratamiento. Aunque el 92,86% de los pacientes mostraron estar satisfechos con el servicio y 75% han reportado interés en retomar el tratamiento, solo 5.36% de los pacientes regresaron al servicio posterior al contacto telefónico. Conclusión: hubo un alto abandono del tratamiento nutricional, principalmente debido a la dificultad de organización requerida para seguir la dieta. La intervención motivacional no fue suficiente para motivar un regreso al tratamiento.

In this paper we present a brief introduction to the area of Forensic Science and Criminal Investigation, as well as its importance in elucidating crimes. Furthermore, we propose as examples four didactic modules of experimental character (fingerprints, footprints, blood and ballistic), which may promote understanding of phenomena/concepts involved in areas of chemistry, physics and mathematics, and/or can be used in the development of a teaching proposal in the attempt to unravel a fictitious crime in a contextualized and interdisciplinary form. The teacher or responsible for the activity will fit the role of seeking the best way to use these materials within the context of their classes, and the opportunity to discuss with other teachers in order to exchange experiences and thus perceive other forms of application.

En este artículo se presenta una breve introducción al área de la Ciencia Forense e Investigación Criminal, así como su importancia en la elucidación de crímenes. Más aún, se proponen ejemplos de cuatro módulos didácticos de carácter experimental (impresiones digitales, pisadas, sangre y balística), con los cuales puede promoverse la comprensión de fenómenos/conceptos involucrados en estas áreas de la química, la física y las matemáticas, y que pueden ser utilizados para el desarrollo de una propuesta de enseñanza, bajo la misión de resolver un crimen supuesto en una manera contextualizada e interdisciplinaria. El profesor que sea responsable de la actividad deberá jugar el papel de buscar la mejor manera de emplear estos materiales en el contexto del aula y de discutir con otros profesores para intercambiar experiencias y otras formas de aplicación.

Considerando as ideias dos alunos componente importante na formação de futuros professo-res, apresenta-se uma revisão de pesquisas que implementaram estratégias curriculares inovadoras para promoção da evolução do conhecimento profissional. A análise centrou-se na consideração da existência e do uso didático das ideias dos alunos em 18 artigos publicados, entre 1995 e 2005, nas principais revistas internacionais (em língua inglesa) da área. São apresentadas as características destas pesquisas em termos da metodologia, contexto e perspectiva teórico-prática das abordagens curriculares formativas implementadas. O desenvolvimento profissional alcançado pelos futuros docentes envolvidos foi comparado para identificação de obstáculos e avanços nesse processo. Questões de ordem epistemológica e de coerência entre a intervenção formativa e o modelo didático tomado como referência, pelos pesquisadores/formadores, para avaliar o desenvolvimento profissional inicial destes docentes são elencadas na tentativa de se entender por que, de modo geral, a mudança alcançada é pequena.

Considering students' ideas as an important component in pre-service teacher education, we conducted a review of research that implemented curriculum advanced strategies to promote the evolution of professional knowledge. Our analysis has focused particularly on accounts of the existence and didactic use of students' ideas in 18 articles published between 1995 and 2005 in major international journals (English) in the area. The characteristics of these researches in terms of methodology, context and theoretical-practice perspective of implemented formative curriculum approaches are presented. The professional evolution of pre-service teachers was compared to determine the obstacles and progress points within this process. Finally, issues of epistemological order and of coherence were determined to assess the initial professional development of these pre-service teachers. The framework of the formative intervention and the didactic models allows issues to be listed in trying to understand why, in general, the change is small.